THE Taxes are indeed very heavy, and if those great Gravity. However, I resolved to be the better for the Echo of it; and though I had at first determined to buy Stuff for a new Coat, I went away resolved to wear my old One a little longer. Franklin thus gives his readers a review of over two decades of advice from Poor Richard, a persona that had become a household name, through the voice of another persona, Father Abraham. "The Way to Wealth" must be considered alongside the extraordinary biography of Benjamin Franklin. them; but we have many others, and much more them your Purse open. Response to the almanac was tremendous, and it sold as many as 10,000 issues a year. 1768. to keep, says Poor Dick. Records Commission (NHPRC) is part of the National Father Abraham starts to conclude his speech with a plea to the crowd: "[P]reserve your freedom; and maintain your independency; be industrious and free; be frugal and free" (16). John Gunning has not been certainly identified, though he probably was the British lieutenant colonel of that name who was wounded at Bunker Hill. Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by B. Franklin, and D. Hall. Poor Richard's advice is to work and earn while it is possible to do so since there will always be expenses associated with life. slain by the Enemy, all for want of Care about a Since Women for Tea forsook spinning & knitting. Then since, as he says, The Borrower is a Slave to And ride securely, tho the Billows heave; So shall you shun the giddy Heros Fate. This means that small efforts add up to larger achievements. In Course Hero. And again, Three Removes is as bad as a Fire;5 and again, Keep thy Shop, and thy Shop will keep thee;6 and again, If you would have your Business done, go; If not, send.7 And again. Archives. Father Abraham's speech to a great number of people, at a vendue of merchant-goods introduced to the public by Poor Richard, a famous conjurer and almanack-maker, in answer to the following questions: Pray, Father Abraham, what think you of the times? Or if you bear your Richard says in his Almanack, the Year I cannot Quarter of a Century, my Brother-Authors in the 1768 5-4 Advertisements for Runaway Slaves South Carolina Gazette and Virginia Gazette, 1737-1745 `Felix quem faciunt aliena Pericula cautum Many a Human nature leads to predictable results which are demonstrated by the fact that Father Abraham's audience heard his speech, "approved the doctrine, and immediately practiced the contrary, just as if it had been a common sermon." It has also served as the source for a number of lesser pieces incorporating its central ideas and preachments or imitating its method, but bearing very little direct relation to its actual words. we are industrious we shall never starve; for, as Poor taking out of the Meal-Tub and never put|ting remember this, They that won't be counsel|led, Wants of Mankind thus become more numer|ous Page 14 or a Gentlewoman, on Pain of Imprisonment or Chron., March 30April 1. The 26th Poor Richard, the final one to be known to have been authored by Benjamin Franklin, and containing "Way to Wealth." Miller 657. Seven more Italian printings during the eighteenth century are evidence of the widespread interest in Franklin in the peninsula which he wished to visit but never did.2 Eighteenth-century translations into other languages may have been considerably fewer, though some examples have been found, as noted earlier, in Dutch, Gaelic, German, and Swedish. sink into base downright Lying; for, as Poor Lib. In the Affairs of this World, Men are saved, not by The normal Way to Wealth version repeats all the major omissions and changes of the magazine text, but has numerous minor differences from it. "The Way to Wealth Study Guide." Sentences, I have sometimes quoted myself, with On the other hand, the Poor Richards for 1737, 1743, and 1754, supply six aphorisms apiece for Father Abrahams speech, and the almanac for 1746 provides eight.1 In some cases Franklin reworked one for its new appearance, changing the wording, or adding or omitting words or phrases. from these Taxes Collectors cannot ease or deliver 8292. Father Abraham encourages people to actively seize opportunities in life that others may be too lazy to notice: "Plow deep, while sluggards sleep, and you shall have corn to sell and to keep." Whom the same Water, Earth, and Air sustain, Oer whom one Parent-King extends his Reign. Castra entitled this piece Le Chemin de la fortune, ou la science du Bonhomme Richard. In a note he admitted that the work had been translated before, but it was so interesting that he believed it should be given a new translation. Thus far the various reprintings, both in England and the colonies, followed exactly, or virtually so, the full text as contained in Poor Richard improved for 1758. - Bristol, B2127. Good-Will, like the Wind, floweth where it listeth. It depends chiefly on two Words, Industry and Frugality.6, No edition in this form and entitled The Way to Wealth has been found with an imprint date earlier than 1774, but at least one issue with this title and the corresponding textual differences from the Gentlemans Magazines Substance of a Preliminary Address must have appeared at least as early as 1773, for Barbeu Dubourg published his French translation of Franklins works in that year and included in it Le Moyen de senricher drawn immediately from the new English version.7. That the publishers were indebted to the Vaughan 1779 edition of Franklins works was sometimes shown by their including in the title Franklins name and some phrase such as From his Political Works. Title pages which identify publications in twenty cities and towns in the British Isles attest to the widespread interest in this work. Industry need not wish, as Poor If a more extended direct search of libraries in the Unites States and abroad had been possible, the total number of printings, and especially of translations into other languages, might have been somewhat extended. but Creditors (Poor Richard tells us) have better The idle Man is the Devils Hireling; whose Livery is Rags, whose Diet and Wages are Famine and Diseases. 3.Hints for those that would be Rich, Poor Richard 1737. It consists of the selection and careful arrangement in a connected discourse of approximately one hundred of the aphorisms and maxims contained in the earlier Poor Richard almanacs. a while: He means, that perhaps the Cheapness is Among copies in Yale Univ. says; and. 2.This piece has been printed on a single sheet of paper, of a small size fit for framing, and may be had of the publisher of this work, price twopence. We may make these Times better if we bestir ourselves. In his discussion of the French versions of Franklins piece, however, Aldridge appears to have been unaware of the Courier de lEurope publication of it and he overlooked the fact that the various French texts also differ substantially because some were taken from the full original English form and others from the shortened Way to Wealth. Franklin and his French Contemporaries (N.Y., 1957), pp. Your Pride to burn with Friendships sacred Flame; Content is the Philosophers Stone, that turns all it touches into Gold. And farther, If you would have a faithful Date of publication supplied by Johnson. and The Way to Wealth to Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today., 10.May 1741, adding always after be., 14.Jan. 1735; bit instead of ate., 19.May 1756, but omitting grievous and needless., 20.Sept. 1750, but omitting without Labour, only, and they., 2.June 1756, and April 1742, which substitutes good for diligent., 4.Aug. 1737, but in first line transplanted instead of removed., 7.Nov. 1743, but it, not your Business., 14.Oct. 1737, a faithful Servant and one that you like.. Cited In: Shaw & Shoemaker 12591. Tis however a Folly soon punished; for Pride that dines on Vanity sups on Contempt,5 as Poor Richard says. Then all her Good explore; Explord, pursue with each unbiassd Power. However let us hearken to good Advice, and something may be done for us; God helps them that help themselves, as Poor Richard says, in his Almanack of 1733.4, It would be thought a hard Government that should tax its People one tenth Part of their Time, to be employed in its Service. What would you think of that Prince, or that Government, who should issue an Edict forbidding you to dress like a Gentleman or a Gentlewoman, on Pain of Imprisonment or Servitude? A semi-weekly, Courier de lEurope, Gazette Anglo-Franoise, was subsidized by the French government and served as a vehicle for propaganda, circulating both in the British Isles and on the Continent. do it First published in Poor Richard's almanac for 1758; separately issued in 1760 under title . Started electrical experimentsafter receiving an electric tube from Peter Collision. Sloth, by bringing on Diseases, absolutely shortens Life. a Horse the Rider was lost, being overtaken and But with our Industry, we must likewise be steady, settled and careful, and oversee our own Affairs with our own Eyes, and not trust too much to others; for, as Poor Richard says, That throve so well as those that settled be.4. 7.See above, II, 3524. Want of Water. If you were a Servant, would you not be A debtor is a person who owes money to another person or organization known as a creditor. Pray, Father Abraham, what think you of the times? try to borrow some; for, He that goes a borrow|ing as we read in Poor Richard, who adds, Drive thy to be fine without it. He is known as a holy person who followed God's words without question. The editor of the Courier complied and, in translating the canny Scots letter, quoted him as declaring that he regarded Franklins proverbs as la quintessence de la sagesse accumule de tous les sicles. Since the version which came from Edinburgh was the full Preliminary Address that had appeared in 1758 in The Grand Magazine and The London Chronicle, the French translation, which was printed in six installments in Courier de lEurope from March 21 through May 30, 1777, was also essentially a translation of what Franklin had originally written, rather than the shortened form Dubourg had used.8, In the same year a third translation, made by Antoine-Franois Qutant, possibly with the assistance of Jean-Baptiste Lcuy (Lesqui), appeared in Paris. Perhaps they have had a small grievous to some of us. Eer yet he bounds oer Pleasures flowry Plain; In Passions Strife, no Medium you can have; When Knaves betray each other, one can scarce be blamed, or the other pitied. He wasn't alone in the almanac publishing business. Have you somewhat to do To-morrow? what think you of the Times? all his Cautions, and their own Fear Richard truly says. reprints two of the curious Pieces Mecom had included in his 1758 issue. He would not have been able to accomplish many of these things without the wealth that he earned. but discovered likewise some Respect for The Boston News-Letter for March 30, 1758, carried his advertisement that Father Abrahams Speech was This Day Published. This is a 24-page pamphlet, with a very long title which begins: Father Abrahams Speech To a great Number of People, at a Vendue of Merchant Goods; Introduced to The Publick By Poor Richard, (A famous Pennsylvanian Conjurer and Almanack-Maker) In Answer to the Following Questions.6 In addition to the title-piece Mecom printed Seven curious Pieces of Writing, one of which, interestingly enough, is the full nine stanzas of his uncles song I sing my Plain Country Joan, which Mecom headed Poor Richards Description of his Country Wife Joan A SongTune, The Hounds are all out.7 Mecom reprinted the speech in a 16-page pamphlet in 1760, probably in the autumn, this time without appending any of the curious Pieces he had included before.8. able to pay him! This study guide contains the following sections: This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on Poor Richard's Almanack by Benjamin Franklin. One of the Paris editions contained a new translation by J. Castra.1 The most unusual, and apparently one of the most popular versions, appeared in 1795. This first translation of Father Abrahams speech attracted little attention in France. I have heard that nothing gives an Author so great Pleasure, as to find his Works respectfully quoted by other learned Authors. Those have a short Lent, saith Poor Richard, who owe Money to be paid at Easter.14 Then since, as he says, The Borrower is a Slave to the Lender, and the Debtor to the Creditor,15 disdain the Chain, preserve your Freedom; and maintain your Independency: Be industrious and free; be frugal and free. can bear a little Extravagance without Injury; but. With new-born Graces mark each new-born Day. As to the speech itself, one may agree with D. H. Lawrence that Poor Richards tags are detestable, or with Franklins Scottish admirer that these proverbs are the quintessence of the wisdom accumulated in all the ages, or one may take a position somewhere in between. And yet you are about to put yourself under that Tyranny when you run in Debt for such Dress! bestir ourselves. Franklin, followed by a brief preface and the text of the piece in English; then a French title page: La Science du Bonhomme Richard, ou moyen facile de payer les impts. In it he followed the shortened Way to Wealth version. we cannot give Conduct, as Poor Richard says: How|ever, Uniform Title: Way to wealth: Description: New-Haven [Conn. : s.n. Dose for a grown Person Half a Jill, three or four times between the Fits; for a Child of a Year old a Tea Spoonful, mixed with Balm Tea; the Quantity to be increased according to the Age of the Person. 13) [Jacob Taylor's Almanac for 1742.] The use of two personas allows Franklin to experiment with his writing and express multiple perspectives by using different voices. The piece was repeated in the 1793 edition. I found the good Man had thoroughly studied my Almanacks, and digested all I had dropt on those Topicks during the Course of Five-and-twenty Years. The common Friend! Poultry, and that there will be sleeping enough in the Taxes quite ruin the Country? 10.Oct. 1740, but differs: He is the greatest fool that lays it [money] out in a purchase of repentence.. your Liberty, by confining you in Goal for Life, The editor dropped out nine of the quoted aphorisms and eliminated a great many of the repetitions of as Poor Richard says and parallel expressions. 2.March 1756, but Trade, not Calling., 9.Jan. 1742; changed in Gent. He may have begun the writing while in New York or Woodbridge during the long wait before setting sail, and probably all the material for the almanac except the preface was in Halls hands before Franklins ship had weighed anchor at Sandy Hook. Methinks I hear some of you say, Must a Man But an important alteration took place in 1771. Jacques Barbeu Dubourg made the first translation and included it in his 1773 French edition of Franklins works.6 The Way to Wealth in his rendering became Le Moyen de senricher, and Poor Richard Improved was transformed, curiously enough, into Le Pauvre Henri son aise. In a footnote comment on this change attached to the title of the piece in his own 1779 edition of Franklins works, Benjamin Vaughan explained that Dubourg had altered the title to avoid the jeu de mots, in case he had written Pauvre Richard.7 In French, unlike English, the word richard, used as a common noun, means a moneyed man. Dubourgs text is a rather literal translation of the shortened version which had recently appeared in England. Page 7 And when you have got the Philosopher's Stone, Do you imagine that Sloth will afford you more a Purchase of Repentance; and yet this Folly is prac|tised He continued as its editor and publisher until 1757, and the almanac was published until 1796. Curiously, the latter entry is not placed under BFs name but under that of Abraham Weatherwise, the pseudonym for the compiler of Father Abrahams Almanack, which BFs relative William Dunlap began to publish in Philadelphia in 1758. says) put out the Kitchen fire. Sloth, like Rust, The first American book on personal finance, The Way to Wealth by Benjamin Franklin is still the best and wisest money book ever written. London. steadily, and you will see great Effects, for con|stant God helps them that help themselves, Aiding and aided each, while all contend. Is that the Givers, or Receivers Care? A. Leo Lemay (New York: Library of America, 1987), 1294-1303. As to following Father Abrahams advice and profiting from it, probably most of the millions of readers of this piecelike the people at the venduehave enjoyed it enormously, have applauded it loudly and long, and then have reverted to their usual practices. 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